The Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company (in Dutch Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie) originally started out as many different companies who competed with the Portugese spice trade, which got fused together by Johan Van Oldenbarnevelt.
To finance their far trips the VOC invented shares and the first ever stock exchange. In said fair trips they setup shop from America all the way to Dejima (where they were the only people that could trade with Japan because of their isolation). In these colonies they of course practiced slave labor, genocide and waged wars against anything that was against them. The VOC eventually died out because of the same reason every Chinese government did; corruption and competition.